Strong isolation by distance among local populations of an endangered butterfly species (Euphydryas aurinia)

The marsh fritillary (Euphydryas aurinia) is a critically endangered butterfly species in Denmark known to be particularly vulnerable to habitat fragmentation due to its poor dispersal capacity. We identified and genotyped 318 novel SNP loci across 273 individuals obtained from 10 small and fragmented populations in Denmark using a genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) approach to investigate its population genetic structure. Our results showed clear genetic substructuring and highly significant population differentiation based on genetic divergence (FST) among the 10 populations. The populations clustered in three overall clusters and due to further substructuring among these, it was possible to clearly distinguish six clusters in total. We found highly significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium due to heterozygote deficiency within every population investigated which indicates substructuring and/or inbreeding (due to mating among closely related individuals). The stringent filtering procedure that we have applied to our genotype quality could have overestimated the heterozygote deficiency and the degree of substructuring of our clusters but is allowing relative comparisons of the genetic parameters among clusters. Genetic divergence increased significantly with geographic distance, suggesting limited gene flow at spatial scales comparable to the dispersal distance of individual butterflies and strong isolation by distance. Altogether, our results clearly indicate that the marsh fritillary populations are genetically isolated. Further, our results highlight that the relevant spatial scale for conservation of rare, low mobile species may be smaller than previously anticipated

Data for: Strategic environmental assessment for development programs in the Colombian post-conflict context

Codeboo

Integrated genome-wide investigations of the housefly, a global vector of diseases reveal unique dispersal patterns and bacterial communities across farms

Background:Houseflies (Musca domesticaL.) live in intimate association with numerous microorganisms and is a vector of human pathogens. In temperate areas, houseflies willoverwinter in environments constructed by humans and recolonize surrounding areas in early summer. However, the dispersal patterns and associated bacteria across season and location are unclear.We used genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) for the simultaneous identification and genotyping of thousands of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) to establish dispersal patterns of houseflies across farms. Secondly, we used16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to establish the variation and association between bacterial communities and the housefly across farms. Results: Using GBS we identified 18,000 SNPs across 400 individualssampled within and between 11 dairy farms in Denmark. There was evidence for sub-structuring of Danish housefly populations and with genetic structure that differed across season and sex. Further, there was a strong isolation by distance (IBD) effect, but with large variation suggesting that other hidden geographic barriers are important. Large individual variations were observed in the community structure of the microbiome and it was found to be dependent on location, sex, and collection time. Furthermore, the relative prevalence of putative pathogens was highly dependent on location and collection time. Conclusion:We were able to identify SNPs for the determination of the spatiotemporal housefly genetic structure, and to establish the variation and association between bacterial communities and the housefly across farms using novel next‐generation sequencing (NGS)techniques. These results are important for disease prevention given the fine-scale population structure and IBD for the housefly, and that individual houseflies carry location specific bacteria including putative pathogens

RIBuild: Overview of datasets (per 20.08.2020)

Excel sheet giving the overview of RIBuild data sets included in the community at https://zenodo.org/communities/ribuild/ At present some data sets are not ready yet to be published. This will be solved as soon as possible

Dataset used in "Exploring Scientific Discourse on Marine Litter in Europe: Review of Sources, Causes and Solutions"

Marine litter is a transboundary environmental issue that affects all the world’s oceans. Marine litter research is a young discipline but one that has exploded during the last five years. However, the increased knowledge of sources and underlying causes to marine litter, as well as knowledge regarding solutions, lack systematic review and synthesis. This study reviews the scientific discourses around plastic marine litter in Europe, and more specifically, in Norway and Denmark, and explores emerging discourse coalitions. Four main thematic storylines on the source-cause-solution causal relationship, as well as two emerging storylines within marine litter research, are found. This study concludes that in order to secure sustainability of solutions and to avoid risk transformation and greenwashing, more interdisciplinary research, including life cycle assessment, is needed. The data set contains three elements: *Full sample* contains all data (both excluded and included articles. Coloums can be sortet and filtered to focus on specific topics. Analysis concept based on PRISMA *Timeline* harvest relevant data from 'full sample' for table 4 in the article. Cross year topic-counts are used for figure 3 in the article. *Storyline-connections* harvest relevant data from 'full sample' for figure 3 in the articl

Data from: Sustained positive consequences of genetic rescue of fitness and behavioural traits in inbred populations of Drosophila melanogaster

One solution to alleviate the detrimental genetic effects associated with reductions in population size and fragmentation is to introduce immigrants from other populations. While the effects of this genetic rescue on fitness traits are fairly well known, it is less clear to what extent inbreeding depression and subsequent genetic rescue affects behavioural traits. In this study, replicated crosses between inbred lines of Drosophila melanogaster were performed in order to investigate the effects of inbreeding and genetic rescue on egg-to-adult viability and negative geotaxis behaviour - a locomotor response used to measure e.g. the effects of physiological ageing. Transgenerational effects of outcrossing were investigated by examining the fitness consequences in both the F1 and F4 generation. The majority of inbred lines showed evidence for inbreeding depression for both egg-to-adult viability and behavioural performance (95% and 66% of lines, respectively), with inbreeding depression being more pronounced for viability compared to locomotor response. Subsequent outcrossing with immigrants led to an alleviation of the negative effects for both viability and geotaxis response resulting in inbred lines being similar to the outbred controls, with beneficial effects persisting from F1 to F4. Overall, the results clearly show that genetic rescue can provide transgenerational rescue of small, inbred populations by rapidly improving population fitness components. Thus, we show that even the negative effects of inbreeding on behaviour, similar to that of neurodegeneration associated with physiological ageing, can be reversed by genetic rescue

Assessing sustainability and adaptive capacity in Arctic tourism

The shrinking Arctic sea ice is enabling an increase in Arctic cruise tourism opportunities Simultaneously Arctic tourism is increasing as a response of increased demand. Tourism is also a driver of change in the Arctic coupled socio-ecological system, inflicting changes on communities and local environments. This paper presents a framework for assessing local sustainability and resilience of tourism in fjord systems in Svalbard and Greenland. By co-production of salient impact categories of environmental and climate change in collaborations with marine biologists, oceanographers, social scientists and industry stakeholders, projections for these changes will be developed and subsequently used for co-development of sustainability indicators for tourism. The environmental change projections will also be used as input to participatory scenario workshops, which again enables social learning across different stakeholder groups, promoting community-owned solutions, and facilitating the sharing of experiences in a creative and collaborative way. Finally, we will co-develop adaptive co-management strategies for a sustainable and resilient tourism system in the Arctic

Data from: Thermal fluctuations affect the transcriptome through mechanisms independent of average temperature

Terrestrial ectotherms are challenged by variation in both mean and variance of temperature. Phenotypic plasticity (thermal acclimation) might mitigate adverse effects, however, we lack a fundamental understanding of the molecular mechanisms of thermal acclimation and how they are affected by fluctuating temperature. Here we investigated the effect of thermal acclimation in Drosophila melanogaster on critical thermal maxima (CTmax) and associated global gene expression profiles as induced by two constant and two ecologically relevant (non-stressful) diurnally fluctuating temperature regimes. Both mean and fluctuation of temperature contributed to thermal acclimation and affected the transcriptome. The transcriptomic response to mean temperatures comprised modification of a major part of the transcriptome, while the response to fluctuations affected a much smaller set of genes, which was highly independent of both the response to a change in mean temperature and to the classic heat shock response. Although the independent transcriptional effects caused by fluctuations were relatively small, they are likely to contribute to our understanding of thermal adaptation. We provide evidence that environmental sensing, particularly phototransduction, is a central mechanism underlying the regulation of thermal acclimation to fluctuating temperatures. Thus, genes and pathways involved in phototransduction are likely of importance in fluctuating climates

Data from: Laboratory maintenance does not alter ecological and physiological patterns among species: a Drosophila case study

Large comparative studies in animal ecology, physiology, and evolution often use animals reared in the laboratory for many generations; however, the relevance of these studies hinges on the assumption that laboratory populations are still representative for their wild living conspecifics. In the present study, we investigate if laboratory-maintained and freshly-collected animal populations are fundamentally different and if data from laboratory-maintained animals are valid to use in large comparative investigations of ecological and physiological patterns. Here, we obtained nine species of Drosophila with paired populations of laboratory-maintained and freshly-collected flies. These species, representing a range of ecotypes, were then assayed for four stress tolerance traits, two body size traits, and six life history traits. For all of these traits, we observed small differences in species-specific comparisons between field and laboratory populations; however, these differences were unsystematic and laboratory maintenance did not eclipse fundamental species characteristics. To investigate if laboratory maintenance influence the general patterns in comparative studies, we correlated stress tolerance and life history traits with environmental traits for the laboratory-maintained and freshly-collected populations. Based on this analysis we found that the comparative physiological and ecological trait correlations are largely similar irrespective of provenience. This finding is important for comparative biology in general because it validates comparative meta-analyses based on laboratory-maintained populations

‘Do it Forever’: Discursive representations of older adults and sexualities in vacation marketing

In advertising, sex has been ascribed a major role, but mostly in a one-dimensional, uniform, and ageist manner framing sexuality as the privilege of younger people. This has traditionally strengthened stereotyping discourses of older adults as ‘asexual’. However, in recent years, counter narratives emphasizing sex as an integral part of active, healthy, and successful aging have gained momentum. Using the promotional video ‘Do it Forever’ as a relevant case, this article analyzes representations of older adults’ sexualities in vacation marketing and points to how advertising is not ‘innocent’, but discursively positions older adults’ sexualities within an antiaging culture which positions older adults as ‘sexy olders’ in sharp opposition to the discourse of ‘asexsual old age’, potentially leaving older adults with little room to construct (a)sexual identities in-between the two strong and oppositional discourses